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Misoprostol

Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1, supplied as tablets. It is used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers and to protect the stomach lining in people at risk of peptic ulcers. Much of its use centres on people taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can deplete the prostaglandins that guard the stomach lining.

Medicine containing Misoprostol

Cytotec

Gastric Ulcer, Duodenal Ulcer

100 · 200mcg

Misoprostol tablets are sold as Cytotec for gastric and duodenal ulcers and to prevent peptic ulcers caused by NSAIDs. Several strengths and pack sizes are available, and prices are given per tablet.

FromUS$0.91/ tabletView

Key points

  • Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue that restores prostaglandin activity in the stomach lining.
  • It begins to act within about 30 minutes, and its effect lasts around 3 to 6 hours.
  • It is contraindicated in pregnancy and in anyone with a hypersensitivity to prostaglandins.

What misoprostol is used for

It treats gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. It is also taken for peptic ulcer prophylaxis, where the aim is to prevent ulceration rather than treat an ulcer that has already formed. People who need stomach protection while continuing an anti-inflammatory medicine are the group most often considered for it.

How it works

Misoprostol takes the place of the protective prostaglandins that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce in the stomach lining. It increases bicarbonate production and reduces acid secretion, which helps the lining resist damage.

Forms and brands

Cytotec tablets contain misoprostol and come in 100 mcg and 200 mcg strengths. They are listed for gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer prophylaxis. Cytotec is the misoprostol tablet available to order; pharmacy partners in India ship to Malaysia in discreet packaging.

Safety and side effects

Misoprostol must not be used in pregnancy, because it can induce labour or miscarriage, and it should be avoided by anyone hypersensitive to prostaglandins. It may cause uterine contractions. Diarrhoea is a frequent side effect, so it is worth monitoring; taking the tablet with food may help, and persistent diarrhoea needs attention because of the risk of severe dehydration, which requires immediate medical attention. Abdominal pain, nausea and flatulence are also common. Less often, dysmenorrhoea and vaginal bleeding occur. Uterine rupture is a serious effect that requires immediate medical attention. Magnesium-containing antacids interact with misoprostol, and the medicine is excreted in breast milk. Use in minors should be discussed with a physician.

Further reading

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